In-Situ recovery of ethanol from fermentation broth by hydrophobic adsorbents

The in-situ recovery of ethanol from fermentation by different hydrophobic adsorbents has been studied. Liquid phase experiments have demonstrated that pentasil zeolites have a high selectivity for ethanol in the low concentration range. It is shown that the contact of the fermentation broth with the zeolite NaZSM-5 avoids the product inhibition. On the other hand, the ethanol production rate dramatically changes in dependence on the glucose-to-adsorbent ratio.     

Sulfatides Inhibit Binding of Helicobacter pylori to the Gastric Cancer Kato III Cell Line

Helicobacter pylori adhere to Kato III and Hela S3 cells in monolayer cultures. To explore whether cell surface glycoconjugates on these two cell lines mediate binding of H. pylori, various carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and glycolipids were tested to inhibit H. pylori cell adhesion. The adhesion was measured (i) with a urease-based assay and (ii) by cells stained with fluorescein. Sodium periodate and sialidase treatment (but not α- or β-galactosidase, heparitinase, lysozyme, or trypsin) inhibited H. pylori binding to both cell lines. Sulfatides and sulfated glycoconjugates (50 μg/ml) but not heparin or a number of simple carbohydrates inhibited binding (1 mg/ml). The two H. pylori strains studied (CCUG 17874 and strain 25) showed high binding of soluble ¹²⁵I-labeled heparin and other sulfated carbohydrate compounds. Received: 5 July 1996 / Accepted: 17 October 1996     

A linkage group on pig chromosome 4 comprising the loci for blood group L, GBA, ATP1B1 and three microsatellites

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were described for the porcine loci for β-glucosidase (GBA) and the β-polypeptide 1 of the Na⁺, K⁺-transporting ATPase (ATP1B1). Linkage analyses using a three-generation pedigree provided evidence for the assignment of ATP1B1, GBA and two microsatellite loci (S0001 and S0067) to a previously described linkage group comprising the loci for blood group L (EAL) and an anonymous microsatellite (S0097). The linear order of the six markers was determined with confidence by multipoint analyses and the length of the linkage group was estimated at 88 CM. This linkage group was assigned to pig chromosome 4 on the basis of a previous physical localization of the ATP1B1 gene. In situ hybridization data for S0001 presented in this study were consistent with a localization on chromosome 4 and suggested a regional localization to 4pl2-pl3. The present study reveals conflicting data concerning the genetic localization of the K88 loci controlling the expression of the receptors for the E. coli pilus antigens. One group has reported data suggesting a loose linkage between K88 and EAL, now mapped to chromosome 4, whereas two other groups have found linkage between K88 and the transferrin locus (TF), mapped to chromosome 13 by in situ hybridization.     

Apport de l’injection intracaverneuse de Prostaglandine E1 lors de la premiere consultation de l’impuissant: à propos de 414 cas

The authors report their experience of 414 injections of prostaglandin E1 (prostine). The diagnostic orientation between functional or organic impotence was assessed through questionaires and more particularly on the presence or absence of nocturnal or morning erections. The prostine reconditioning and self injection use techniques are precised: 80% of positive responses with better results in the oldest patients, whatever their medical antecedents. No relation between positive response to prostaglandin E1 and normal nocturnal erections could be found. Patients still presenting erections can present good or bad responses. This confirms the results previously given only allow us to put in evidence the good functional and anatomic state of cavernous bodies, without any etiological orientation (not mentioning the cases in which these self-injections reveal the presence of deformation, bend or fibrosis). The acceptance of self injection is low (30%) as well as a regular and prolonged medical observance (only 15%). This work confirms the low rate of local complications after repeated injections and the low rate of prolonged erections or priapism during Test 1. However, these possibilities must incite to prudence as for the generalization of this kind of treatment, out of specialized centers.     

Precursors of both conventional and Ly-1 B cells can escape feedback inhibition of Ig gene rearrangement

Experiments with transgenic mice carrying rearranged Ig transgenes have shown that membrane bound Ig molecules cause feedback inhibition of endogenous Ig gene rearrangement. However, this inhibition is never complete. It has been postulated that escape from feedback may be a property of the Ly-1 B cell subset, whereas rearrangement of endogenous Ig genes may be completely inhibited in conventional B cells. This possibility was investigated in transgenic mice carrying a lambda transgene under the control of the H chain enhancer. It was found that kappa producing B cells in these lambda transgenic mice were for the most part, although not exclusively, of the conventional B cell phenotype. Examination of peritoneal exudate cells revealed that a large proportion of Ly-1 B cells also express kappa. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow from adult lambda transgenic mice, a source of conventional B cell precursors, resulted in the production of relatively high levels of serum kappa 2 to 3 mo after transfer into recipient SCID mice. A high proportion of donor B cells in the spleen produced endogenous kappa protein with or without co-production of lambda. It is concluded that precursors of both conventional and Ly-1 B cells can escape feedback inhibition of L chain gene rearrangement.     

Inhibition of palmitate‐induced GADD34 expression augments apoptosis in mouse insulinoma cells (MIN6)

Saturated fatty acids like palmitate induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pancreatic beta‐cells, an event linked to apoptotic loss of β‐cells in type 2 diabetes. Sustained activation of the ER stress response leads to expression of growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein 34 (GADD34), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1. In the present study, we have used small interfering RNA in order to knockdown GADD34 expression in insulin‐producing MIN6 cells prior to induction of ER stress by palmitate and evaluated its consequences on RNA‐activated protein kinase‐like ER‐localized eIF2alpha kinase (PERK) signalling and apoptosis. Salubrinal, a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation, was used as a comparison. Salubrinal treatment augmented palmitate‐induced ER stress and increased GADD34 levels. Both GADD34 knockdown and salubrinal treatment potentiated the cytotoxic effects of palmitate as evidenced by increased DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase 3, with the fundamental difference that the former did not involve enhanced levels of GADD34. The data from this study suggest that sustained activation of PERK signalling and eIF2α phosphorylation sensitizes insulin‐producing MIN6 cells to lipoapoptosis independently of GADD34 expression levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.